Alterações em exames citopatológicos realizados em Unidade Básica de Saúde: um estudo analítico transversal / Alterations in cytopathological tests performed in a Basic Health Unit: a cross-cutting analytical study

Objetivo: Com o presente estudo, buscou-se verificar a quantidade de exames de colpocitologia oncótica coletados em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) escolhida, determinar quantas e quais são as alterações encontradas nesses exames e quais foram as condutas e acompanhamentos realizados em pacientes com exames alterados. Métodos: Foram analisados 446 exames de colpocitologia oncótica realizados em uma UBS do centro-oeste do Paraná. As pacientes com exame alterado foram selecionadas e foi feita uma análise desses prontuários a fim de verificar a conduta e o acompanhamento dessas pacientes. Resultados: Foram encontrados 32 exames com alterações, sendo três de uma mesma paciente. Dessas 30 pacientes, a grande maioria correspondia a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), possivelmente não neoplásicas, e 28 pacientes retornaram para receber uma conduta inicial, sendo principalmente o encaminhamento para a coleta de novo preventivo em seis meses ao serviço de oncologia clínica. Conclusão: O presente estudo concluiu que a hipótese principal foi verdadeira, a qual foi descrita como prevalência significativa de lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau, embora não seja a mais frequente, e descontinuidade por parte das pacientes que obtiveram esse resultado. Além disso, notou-se grande encaminhamento à atenção terciária, o que não é indicado pelo Ministério da Saúde.(AU)

Objective: With the present study, we sought to verify the amount of cytopathological tests collected in the chosen basic health unit, to determine how many and what are the alterations found in these tests and what were the conducts and follow-ups performed in patients with altered exams. Methods: We analyzed 446 preventive tests performed in a basic health unit in the Midwest of Paraná, and patients with altered examination were selected and an analysis of these medical records was made in order to verify the conduct and follow-up of the patients. Results: Thirty-two tests with alterations were performed, 3 of which were the same patient. Of these 30 patients, the vast majority corresponded to atypical cells of squamous meaning ­ possibly non-neoplastic (ASC-US), and 28 patients returned to receive an initial approach, mainly being referred to the collection of preventive new in 6 months and to the clinical oncology service. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the main hypothesis was true, which was described as a significant prevalence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), although not the most frequent, and discontinuity on the part of the patients who obtained this result. In addition, there was a large referral to tertiary care, which is not indicated by the Ministry of Health.(AU)

Riesgo de desarrollar LIE-AG en pacientes con tamizaje inicial positivo para VPH y citología cervicovaginal negativa en seguimiento hasta 10 años: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Risk of developing H-SIL in patients with initial positive screening for HPV and negative cervicovaginal cytology in follow-up up to 10 years: systematic review and meta-analysis

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer de cérvix es el segundo en frecuencia y el tercero en mortalidad; la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) está asociada al riesgo de cáncer; sin embargo, no se conoce el riesgo acumulado a 1, 2, 3, 5 y 10 años. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de las pacientes VPH positivo con evaluación inicial citológica negativa para desarrollar lesión intraepitelial de alto grado a lo largo del tiempo. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos en inglés y español de los últimos 20 años, usando las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, ProQuest y Embase. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en los que se determinaba el estado VPH y se realizaba seguimiento con citología cervicovaginal a 1, 2, 3, 5 y 10 años en mujeres de 20-64 años. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, con un total de 98.521 mujeres, de ellas 8820 VPH positivo y 89.701 VPH negativo al ingreso, seguidas hasta por 10 años con citología cervicovaginal, encontrando que la infección por VPH es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar lesiones intraepiteliales de alto grado a 2, 5 y 10 años, con un riesgo relativo de 110.94 (79.41-154.97), 83.65 (55.22-126.73) y 29.71 (5.72-154.33), respectivamente. Conclusiones: La infección por VPH es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de lesiones intraepiteliales de alto grado a 2, 5 y 10 años.

Abstract Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second in frequency and the third in mortality, infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the risk of increased cancer; however, the cumulative risk of 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years is not known. Objective: To determine the risk of HPV-positive patients with negative initial cytological evaluation for developing high-grade intraepithelial lesion over time. Method: A systematic review of articles in English and Spanish in the last 20 years was carried out, using the PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, ProQuest and Embase databases. Randomized clinical trials were included in which HPV was performed and subsequent follow-up with cervicovaginal cytology at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years in women aged 20-64 years. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials were included, a total of 98,521 women, 8820 with positive HPV and 89701 negative on admission and followed up for up to 10 years with cervicovaginal cytology. Finding that HPV infection is a risk factor for developing high-grade intraepithelial lesion at 2, 5 and 10 years with a relative risk of 110.94 (79.41-154.97), 83.65 (55.22- 126.73) and 29.71 (5.72-154.33), respectively. Conclusions: HPV infection is an important risk factor for the development of high-grade intraepithelial lesion at 2, 5 and 10 years.

Fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de alterações cervicouterinas em mulheres que realizam exame citopatológico / Risk factors associated to the development of changes in the cervix of uterus in women undergoing a cytopathological examination

Introdução: O câncer de colo do útero ainda é um sério problema de saúde pública em nosso país. Aparece em terceiro lugar entre os tipos de câncer mais comum entre as mulheres. Vários são os fatores envolvidos na etiologia desse câncer e suas lesões precursoras. Objetivo: Verificar os principais cofatores associados às alterações cervicouterinas. Casuística e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico e documental, realizado em um laboratório do município de Surubim-PE, incluindo resultados de exames citopatológicos do período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. Os dados foram avaliados pelo programa PRISM versão 7.0, por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, com intervalo de confiança 95% e razão de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Foram incluídos 1.200 resultados de exames de mulheres na faixa etária entre 14 e 78 anos. Quarenta e três por cento das mulheres pertenciam à faixa etária entre 31 e 47 anos e 86,6% haviam realizado seu último exame citopatológico a menos de três anos. A faixa etária entre 14 e 30 anos esteve associada a um maior risco para o desenvolvimento das anormalidades cervicais (p< 0,001 e OR 2,9). Mulheres que realizaram o exame citopatológico a menos de três anos apresentaram uma maior associação com a presença de lesões intraepiteliais escamosas de baixo grau (LSIL) e atipias escamosas (p < 0,0001 e OR 11,3). A lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau foi a anormalidade cervical de maior frequência, correspondendo a 46,3%. Mulheres com presença de Gardnerella vaginalis e/ou Mobiluncus spp. apresentaram associação com a presença de anormalidades cervicais (p< 0,0001). Conclusão: Mulheres abaixo de 30 anos, que realizaram exame citopatológico a menos de três anos ou apresentam Gardnerella vaginalis e/ou Mobiluncus spp.devem ser acompanhadas quanto aos possíveis riscos associados ao desenvolvimentode alterações cervicouterinas.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is still a serious public health problem in our country. It appears third among the most common types of cancer among women. Several are the factors involved in the etiology of this cancer and its precursor lesions. Objective: Verify the main cofactors associated with the changes in the cervix of the uterus. Patients and Methods:This is an analytical and documentary study, carried out in a laboratory in the municipality of Surubim-PE, including results of cytopathological exams from January 2014 to December 2015. Data were evaluated using the software PRISM version 7.0, by the Chi-square test, with 95% confidence interval and prevalence ratio (PR). Results: We included 1,200 tests results of women in the age between 14 and 78 years. Forty-three percent of the women were in the age group from 31 to 47 years and 86.6% had performed their last cytopathological examination less than three years. The age group ranging from 14 to 30 years was associated with a higher risk for the development of cervical abnormalities (p< 0.001 and OR 2.9). Women who underwent cytopathological examination less than three years presented a greater association with the presence of low squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and squamous atypia (p< 0.0001 and OR 11.3). The low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was the most frequent cervical abnormality, corresponding to 46.3%. Conclusion: Women under 30 years, who performed cytopathological examination at less than three years or present Gardnerella vaginalis and / or Mobiluncus spp. should be accompanied for the possible risks associated with the development of the changes in the cervix of uterus.

Evolución de las lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de bajo grado del cérvix (2012-2013) / Evolution of Cervix Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (2012-2013)

Introducción: las lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales son precursoras del cáncer de cuello uterino, enfermedad que causó 465 muertes en Cuba en el año 2015. Objetivo: describir la evolución de las lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado del cérvix durante un bienio según lo dispuesto en el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer Cervicouterino. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo a 79 pacientes diagnosticadas citológicamente con una lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado en el período comprendido entre el 1ro de septiembre de 2012 y el 31 de agosto de 2013 en el Hospital Materno Ramón González Coro. Seguimiento evolutivo cada seis meses durante dos años. Resultados: 54,4 por ciento tenía entre 25 y 39 años de edad. Del total, 65,8 por ciento negativizó la citología entre los 6 y 18 meses. En los dos años de evolución, 25,3 por ciento del total progresó a una lesión de alto grado. Existió buena correlación citocolposcópica en 80 por ciento de las pacientes. El cálculo de la mediana de la zona transformación atípica en las lesiones de alto grado fue de 25 por ciento, muy superior a las de bajo grado. Hubo confirmación histológica en todos los casos cuya lesión progresó. Conclusiones: las pacientes que negativizaron la citología lo hizo durante los 18 meses de seguimiento. Existió buena relación citohistológica, no así colpohistológica. La evolución no guardó relación con las variables sociodemográficas excepto con el uso de DIU. Lesiones que ocupan más del 20 por ciento de la zona de transformación se relacionó con progresión hacia una lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado(AU)

Introduction: Cervical intraepithelial lesions are signs of cervical cancer, a disease that caused 465 deaths in Cuba in 2015. Objective: To describe the evolution of low-grade intraepithelial lesions of the cervix during a biennium according to the provisions of the National Program of Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out on 79 patients diagnosed by cytology with a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013 at Ramón González Coro Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital. These subjects received an evolutionary follow-up every six months for two years. Results: 54.4 percent were between 25 and 39 years of age; 65.8 percent had negative cytology between 6 and 18 months. In the two years of evolution, 25.3 percent of the total progressed to a high-grade lesion. There was good cytocolposcopic correlation in 80 percent of the patients. The calculation of the median of the atypical transformation zone in the high-grade lesions was 25 percent, much higher than the low-grade ones. There was histological confirmation in all cases whose lesion progressed. Conclusions: Negative cytology in our patients was assessed during the 18 months of follow-up period. There was good cytohistological relationship, but not so for colpohistological relationship. The evolution was not related to the sociodemographic variables except with the use of IUD. Lesions that occupy more than 20 percent of the transformation zone were associated with progression towards a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(AU)

Comportamiento de factores de riesgo en pacientes con citologías anormales en el estado Miranda, Venezuela / Risk Factor Behavior in Patients with Abnormal Cytologies in Miranda State, Venezuela

Introducción: el estudio de factores de riesgo vinculados con el cáncer cervicouterino resulta importante dada el predominio de esta patología a nivel internacional. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo biológico y de comportamiento asociados a resultados citológicos anormales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo en un universo de 872 mujeres que presentaron resultados citológicos anormales en el Laboratorio de Citodiagnóstico de la Misión Barrio Adentro en el Estado Miranda durante el año 2015. Los datos primarios fueron obtenidos del tarjetero de citología, así como del resultado de la aplicación de un modelo formulario confeccionado al efecto en correspondencia a los objetivos propuestos, que fue aplicado en las consultas de patología de cuello. Se utilizó como método estadístico la estadística descriptiva, distribución de frecuencia y por ciento. Fueron procesados de forma computarizada, los resultados quedaron expuestos en textos y tablas. Resultados: del total de las pacientes estudiadas, 45 por ciento de las estudiadas pertenecía al grupo etario de 35 a 44 años, hubo antecedentes familiares de cáncer (61,6 por ciento) y representando las multíparas 74,9 por ciento. El antecedente de infección genital estuvo presente en 70,9 por ciento de las mujeres, representando la infección por HPV el 58,5 por ciento, mientras que la promiscuidad ocupó 62,5 por ciento. El tipo de resultado citológico que predominó fue la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado II, presente en 46 por ciento de las mujeres estudiadas. Conclusiones: hubo un predominio de resultados citológicos anormales en las mujeres, con antecedentes familiares de cáncer y multíparas correspondientes al grupo etario de 35-44 años(AU)

ntroduction: The study of risk factors associated with cervical cancer is important taking into account the prevalence of this pathology worldwide. Objective: Identify the associated biological and behavioral risk factors to abnormal cytological results. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted in a universe of 872 women who presented abnormal cytological results at the Clinical Laboratory of Misión Barrio Adentro, Miranda State in 2015. The primary data were obtained from the cytology card reader, also from the results of the application of a form made to that effect in accordance with the proposed objectives. Tis form was applied in neck pathology consultations. Descriptive statistics, frequency distribution and percent were used as statistical method, the processed results were presented in texts and tables. Results: 45 percent of those studied belonged to the age group from 35 to 44 years old, with a family history of cancer in 61.6 percent and multiparous women accounting for 74.9 percent. The history of genital infection was present in 70.9 percent. that is, 58.5 percent had HPV infection, while promiscuity covered 62.5 percent. The predominated cytologic result was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II, present in 46 percent of the women studied. Conclusions: There was predominance of abnormal cytological results in women, with a family history of cancer and multiparas corresponding to the age group of 35-44 years(AU)

Early Age at First Sexual Intercourse is Associated with Higher Prevalence of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL) / Idade precoce de início da atividade sexual está associada a elevada prevalência de Lesão Intraepitelial Escamosa de Alto Grau

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association of age at first sexual intercourse with the results of the cervicovaginal cytology. Study Design Observational analytical study about the prevalence of altered cervicovaginal cytology results in women aged between 18 and 34 years from a densely populated area in Brazil, during 10 years. The patients were stratified into 2 categories according to their age at first sexual intercourse (13-16 years and 17-24 years). Results From the total of 2,505,154 exams, 898,921 tests were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Considering women with 4 years or less from the first sexual intercourse as a reference, those with 5 to 9 years and 10 years or more showed a higher prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse (13-16 years) showed higher prevalence ratios for atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and HSIL. The prevalence ratio for HSIL adjusted by age at diagnosis and by age at first sexual intercourse was higher only for women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse. Conclusions The age of first sexual intercourse could be a variable that might qualify the selection among young women who are really at a higher risk for HSIL.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre idade de início da atividade sexual e os resultados de citologia cervico-vaginal. Métodos Estudo observacional sobre a prevalência dos resultados de citologia cervico-vaginal alterados em mulheres com idade entre 18 e 34 anos na região de Resultados Do total de 2.505.154 exames, 898.921 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Considerando mulheres com tempo desde a primeira relação sexualmenor ou igual a 4 anos como grupo de referência, mulheres com intervalos de 5 a 9 anos e 10 anos ou mais entre a data do exame e a primeira relação sexual mostraram maior prevalência de lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (LIEAG). Mulheres cominício da atividade sexual mais precoce (13-16 anos) mostraram altas prevalências de atipia de células escamosas, lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau e LIEAG. A razão de prevalência de LIEAG ajustada pela idade na data do exame e pela idade do início da atividade sexual foi maior somente para mulheres que apresentaram iníciomais precoce da atividade sexual. Conclusão A idade de início da atividade sexual pode ser uma possível variável de seleção das mulheres com maior risco de LIEAG.